Systemd Startup Times with systemd-analyze

systemd-analyze

Systemd had the goal of optimising startup times from the very beginning. It is therefore no particular wonder that it has a tool for precise startup timing and analysis: systemd-analyze.

Systemd Startup Analysis

Run without command line parameters, systemd-analyze shows a summary of how quickly your system booted Linux last time:

greys@srv:~ $ systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 2.743s (kernel) + 2.654s (userspace) = 5.397s
graphical.target reached after 2.641s in userspace

See What Systemd Service Took Longest to Start

It gets better! You can specify the blame parameter, and systemd-analyze will show you exactly how long each of the startup tasks has taken – that’s really useful for troubleshooting:

greys@srv:~ $ systemd-analyze blame
           1.983s docker.service
            277ms certbot.service
            276ms man-db.service
            223ms dev-md0.device
            210ms apt-daily-upgrade.service
            208ms apt-daily.service
            194ms logrotate.service
            101ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-cea13f85\x2d61fa\x2d414f\x2d9c2f\x2d1e48ec41ad25.service
             69ms chrony.service
             66ms systemd-journald.service
             61ms ssh.service
             59ms systemd-remount-fs.service
             57ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-cfceff76\x2df739\x2d49e2\x2da4d1\x2d02472e5457f9.service
             46ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
             41ms keyboard-setup.service
             41ms systemd-logind.service
             40ms containerd.service
             36ms networking.service
             31ms apparmor.service
             27ms [email protected]
             21ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
             21ms rsyslog.service
             19ms systemd-update-utmp.service
             15ms storage.mount
             14ms var-log.mount
             14ms systemd-udevd.service
             12ms dev-disk-by\x2duuid-799ad160\x2d8a59\x2d4c80\x2db78a\x2d7e3986876964.swap
             11ms systemd-user-sessions.service
             10ms dev-disk-by\x2duuid-261bd6ac\x2d2f4c\x2d475b\x2da4e4\x2db2548368e0fa.swap
             10ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
              9ms systemd-journal-flush.service
              9ms polkit.service
              9ms dev-disk-by\x2duuid-d45708da\x2d06f4\x2d41d6\x2daabe\x2decd87fb5edbe.swap
              8ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
              8ms [email protected]
              7ms dev-mqueue.mount
              7ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
              7ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
              6ms systemd-modules-load.service
              6ms console-setup.service
              6ms systemd-sysusers.service
              4ms systemd-sysctl.service
              4ms kmod-static-nodes.service
              4ms dev-hugepages.mount
              4ms systemd-random-seed.service
              2ms ifupdown-pre.service
              1ms docker.socket
 greys@srv:~ $

See Also